The primary and secondary education is obligatory and free of charge in Georgia. The education policy, once designed to graft the Marxist-Leninist ideology to the youth, has experienced some changes under the influence of democratic developments and opposing groups who came into power after the collapse of Soviet regime. Based on the nationalism, the new education policy aims to provide the children with the national and moral values. The education language is Georgian in the country where the literacy rate is very high. There are many faculties (colleges) within the Tbilisi University, the oldest university in the country (est. 1918). The second one is located in Sohumi. There are several pedagogy and polytechnic institutes in Batumi and other major cities. The highest institution for the scientific studies in the country is the Georgia Science Academy, established in 1941.